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Types of Colloidal Systems
A colloidal system with finely divided particles with diameter lying between 1nm and 200nm
can exist in two phases. Each one of the phase is scattered or dispersed in the other.
The phase which is scattered is called the dispersed phase, the internal phase or the
discontinuous phase. The phase in which the dispersion is taking place is called the
dispersion or medium or the external or the continuous phase. The dispersion phase is
the major phase of the system as it constitutes the major fraction of the system.
Each of the two phases may be solid, liquid or gas resulting in several different
types of colloidal systems depending on the state of the dispersed and dispersion phases.
Different colloidal systems and their examples:
| Dispersed phase | Dispersion medium | Examples |
Solid |
Solid |
Colored glasses, rock salt, porcelain, alloys. |
Solid |
Liquid |
Starch, proteins and gold solution |
Solid |
Gas |
Smoke, dust, fumes. |
Liquid |
Solid |
Curd, cheese, jellies |
Liquid |
Liquid |
Milk, cream, certain medicines |
Liquid |
Gas |
Clouds, fog, mist |
Gas |
Solid |
Occluded gases in metals, pumice stone |
Gas |
Liquid |
Foam, froth, soap, leather |
Gas |
Gas |
unknown |
The colloidal systems with solid as dispersed phase and liquid as dispersion medium
are known as sols. In case the dispersion medium of colloidal system is gas, the system
is known as aerosol. When the liquid medium is water the system is known as aquasol or
hydrosol. In case of alcohol, benzene or any other organic liquid, the stem is termed as
alcosol, benzosol or orgaosol, respectively.
Solved problems
- Name the two phases of a colloidal system?
- Dispersion and dispersed phase.
- The two phases cannot be distinguished.
- Continuous phase and discontinuous phase
- A and C
- Give examples for colloidal systems in which
the dispersed phase is gas and the dispersion phase is liquid.
- Foam, froth, soap leather.
- Unknown.
- Gases in metals
- Gases accumulated in a pumice stone.
- Give examples for colloidal systems in which
the dispersed phase is liquid and the dispersion phase is also a liquid.
- Curd, cheese.
- Milk, cream.
- Jellies
- Mist
- Colloidal systems with solid as dispersed phase and
liquid as dispersion medium are known as
- Sol
- Gel
- Not known
- Depends on the dispersion medium being used.
- The size of colloidal particles ranges from
- 1nm to 100nm
- 1nm to 200nm
- Above 100nm
- Below 1nm
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