Soluble substances can be of two types they are the crystalloids and colloids.

Substances which can easily be obtained in the crystalline form and whose solution can diffuse rapidly through a vegetable membrane are termed as crystalloids. Ex: sugar, urea, salts etc.

Substances which show little or no tendency to diffuse through the membrane are termed as colloids. Ex: gelatin, albumin, glue, gums, starch.

However, certain crystalloids such as sulphur, carbon and salts can be converted into colloidal solutions. Furthermore, substances such as gelatin, starch, gum etc possess a crystalline structure and are found to behave as crystalloid at one time colloid at another time. Ex: soaps show crystalloid character in alcohol in which they are freely soluble and colloidal character in water in which they are sparingly soluble. Thus, substances cannot be classified as crystalloids and colloids. It is only the nature in which a particular substance exists under suitable conditions.

Substances such as sugar, salt when put in water get dissolved completely and form a homogenous solutions. This means that the molecules of sugar are dispersed uniformly in water. The solute particles in this case are of molecular size, invisible and do not settle on standing. Such solutions are termed as true solutions. There are substances such as sand when put in water does not dissolve and settle down on standing for some time. The particles are large enough and are visible to naked eye. They can be very easily separated from water. Such solutions are termed as suspensions and are heterogenous in nature. In between, there are particles which are bigger in size than molecules and smaller than suspension particles and are visible under a powerful microscope. Such particles belong to a state termed as colloidal state. These colloidal particles when placed in water form colloidal solutions.

The size of colloidal particles ranges from 2000 A^ο to 10 A^ο. As size of the colloidal particles s very small, they appear homogenous when placed in solutions. But, colloidal solutions appear hetergenous under a microscope. However, they do not settle down like suspensions.

Hence, they cannot be separated by ordinary filtration. They can be made to settle down by the centrifugation and then filtered using special filters.

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